[1] The White House, “Wide acclaim for President Trump’s nomination of Kevin Warsh as Fed Chair,” press release, Jan. 30, 2026.
[2] Howard Schneider, “Warsh’s quest for better inflation data is well-worn, difficult pursuit for Fed,” Reuters, April 24, 2026.
[3] The Wall Street Journal, “Logan: Fed May Need to Hike Interest Rates This Year to Confront Inflation,” Jun. 3, 2026
[4] US Federal Reserve, “Summary of economic projections,” March 18, 2026.
[5] The Budget Lab, “Tracking the economic effects of tariffs,” April 1, 2026.
[6] US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal consumption expenditure price index, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026. All inflation data in this article is from this price index, given that it is the US Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of consumer prices. Unless stated otherwise, all data is sourced using Haver Analytics.
[7] Reed Smith, “Trade compliance resource hub: Trump 2.0 tariff tracker,” May 2, 2026.
[8] Michael Wolf, “United States Economic Forecast: 2026–2030,” Deloitte Insights, March 27, 2026.
[9] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer price index, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[10] Kyla H. Kitamura and Danielle M. Trachtenberg, “USMCA joint review: Process and role of Congress,” Library of Congress, Jan. 8, 2026; Michael Froman, “What is the future of US-Mexico-Canada trade?” Council on Foreign Relations, May 1, 2026.
[11] Akrur Barua, “Changing inflation dynamics pose new risks for the US economy,” Deloitte Insights, March 31, 2026.
[12] Akrur Barua, “The Middle East conflict begins to cast a shadow on the global economy,” Deloitte Insights, March 18, 2026.
[13] Joseph Glauber, “The Iran war: Potential food security impacts,” International Food Policy Research Institute, March 6, 2026; Argus, “Potential Hormuz closure threatens ferts, sulphur trade,” June 23, 2025.
[14] Naveen Thukral and Ed White, “Farmers see fertilizer price surge as Iran war blocks exports, threatening losses,” Reuters, March 5, 2026.
[15] Michael Corbett, “Oil Shock of 1973–74,” Federal Reserve History, accessed May 11, 2026.
[16] Samantha Gross, “What Iran’s 1979 revolution meant for US and global oil markets,” Brookings, March 2019.
[17] Kevin Hack and Jimmy Troderman, “Crude oil prices rise above $100 per barrel after Russia’s further invasion into Ukraine,” US Energy Information Administration, accessed May 2026.
[18] Niccolo Conte, “Charted: Oil trade through the Strait of Hormuz by country,” Visual Capitalist, March 2026.
[19] US Department of Energy, Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation, “US crude oil imports by country of origin,” accessed May 2026.
[20] US Energy Information Administration, “US energy facts explained,” accessed May 2026.
[21] US Energy Information Administration, “Annual energy review,” accessed in May 2026.
[22] Ibid.
[23] Ryan Nunn and Abhi Gupta, “What are the macroeconomic implications of recent turmoil in oil markets?” The Budget Lab at Yale, March 2026.
[24] United States Federal Reserve, “Monetary policy report—June 2022,” June 2022.
[25] Ben S. Bernanke, 21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19 (W.W. Norton & Company, 2022).
[26] US Federal Reserve, Federal funds rate, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[27] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Establishment survey, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026. All data on payrolls (or job growth) are from this source.
[28] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Household survey, sourced using Haver Analytics in May 2026. All data on labor supply and its composition, unemployment, and participation rate are from this source.
[29] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Total nonfarm employment growth continues to slow in 2024”, Monthly Lavor Review, Sep. 2025
[30] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “The Employment Situation - April 2026”, May 8, 2026
[31] US Census Bureau, “New population estimates show historic decline in net international migration,” Jan. 27, 2026.
[32] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employed people by detailed occupation and age”, Feb. 20, 2026
[33] US Census Bureau, “2023 National Population Projections Tables: Main Series: Projections for the United States: 2023 to 2100”, Feb. 12, 2025.
[34] US Federal Reserve, “Federal Reserve Balance Sheet: Factors Affecting Reserve Balances - H.4.1”, May 28, 2026; United States Department of the Treasury, “U.S. Treasury Monthly Statement of the Public Debt (MSPD)”, May 2026.
[35] Steve Liesman and Matt Peterson, “Warsh’s take on Fed independence is met with confusion and some concern,” CNBC, May 4, 2026.
[36] 재정 지배(우위)는 중앙은행이 재정의 지속가능성을 지원하기 위해 통화정책을 조정하는 경우에 발생하며, 따라서 중앙은행의 독립성을 훼손하고 투자자 신뢰를 떨어뜨릴 수 있다.
[37] United States Department of the Treasury, Monthly statement of the public debt.
[38] United States Department of the Treasury, Receipts and outlays of the US government, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[39] United States Department of the Treasury, Treasury yields, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[40]The Wall Street Journal, Consumer rates, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[41] US Bureau of Economic Analysis, National income and product accounts, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[42] Michael Wolf, “United States Economic Forecast: 2026–2030,” Deloitte Insights, March 27, 2026.
[43] US Bureau of Labor States, Household Survey, Establishment Survey, and Productivity and costs, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, National income and product accounts, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[44] Ibid.
[45] US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer price index and Employment cost index, sourced using Haver Analytics, May 2026.
[46] Iñaki Aldasoro, Sebastian Doerr, Leonardo Gambacorta, and Daniel Rees, “The impact of artificial intelligence on output and inflation,” BIS Working Papers, Bank of International Settlements, April 2024.