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In our study 'Ageing Switzerland: Rethinking Workforce Dynamics for Sustained Growth,' we examine how demographic ageing is shaping the Swiss labour market and its workforce. The report highlights critical insights and provides actionable recommendations to help businesses and policymakers navigate these demographic challenges effectively.
Switzerland is facing one of its most significant structural challenges in the coming years and decades due to demographic change. While high immigration levels in the past have driven population growth and positively influenced the labour market, the ageing population is expected to have a profound long-term impact. As the baby-boomer generation retires and birth rates decline, the working-age population is shrinking at a time when labour demand is rising, and many sectors are experiencing pronounced skills shortages.
Businesses have also recognised the urgency and long-term implications of demographic change. A recent survey of over 350 board members in Switzerland found that they expect demographic shifts to have a significant impact on the labour market, and consequently, on their own workforce.
A phased increase in the retirementage to reflect longer life expectancyand opportunities for drawingpensions flexibly would createincentives to maintain the expertiseand experience of older employeesand help reduce labour marketbottlenecks.
Switching to individual taxation – thatis, taxing couples separately ratherthan together – would reduce theincentives for women to work parttimeor to withdraw entirely from thelabour market.
The state could promote continuing training initiatives that help workers of all ages to acquire and enhance the technological and digital skills that underpin higher productivity and are crucial to mitigating labour shortages in key sectors of the economy.
Focusing education and training more on shortage occupations –especially in STEM areas – would be advantageous. Career guidance based on what employers actually need should become the norm.
Switzerland’s unique ‘dual’ vocational training system requires targeted development. It guarantees youn gpeople in particular full employment in practice and ensures the country has the workers it needs in less academically focused occupations.
Schools and training institutions should provide more teaching on entrepreneurial thinking and the attractiveness of self-employmentas an alternative to employment. This would boost Swiss companies’ innovativeness and resilience in the long term.
Adapting tax and social security rules would reduce the disadvantages for those who have drawn their pension but wish to carry on working. Companies should also be encouraged to recruit older workers on a targeted basis.
More flexible labour legislation would make it easier for companies to employ older workers, particularly by improving labour market integration and plugging skills gaps.
Targeted migration should continue to provide skilled experts from around the world to tackle skills bottlenecks. This would include residence and work permits for students completing their academic studies in Switzerland, enabling them to stay in the country.
Tens of thousands of jobs in politics, the military and public service generally are filled by volunteers under Switzerland’s highly developed approach to civic involvement in public life (’Milizprinzip’). Roles at all levels right up to senior management positions are carried out by ordinary people alongside their regular jobs. Targeted state support for such civic involvement and volunteering –primarily by relaxing the administrative burden and providing tax incentives –will ensure that Switzerland can retain these individuals, who are mostly highly motivated and also save the state money.
If the business sector succeeds in rebuilding its reputation among the general public and establishing itself as an inspiring environment for lifelong learning and meaningful interactions, the likelihood of people remaining in the workforce at least part-time beyond retirement age is likely to increase, especially in view of the significant rise in life expectancy.
Companies should integrate a strategic perspective into their workforce planning. They should conduct continual reviews of their people, to fit them to the needs of the business and to understand gaps in skills. This enables a better understanding of current talent aswell as future workforce needs.
Instead of focusing primarily on external recruitment, companies could give more attention to internal talent development. Clear career paths and strategies such as ’quiet hiring’ – the targeted upskilling of existing employees – can increase the attractiveness of jobs and prevent the outflow of skilled workers.
Integrating modern forms of working like freelancing, crowdworking, and hybrid working models enables companies to respond more effectively to skilled worker shortages. These approaches offer flexibility, allowing businesses to tap into a broader talent pool and adapt to evolving workforce needs. Additionally, adopting a talent ecosystem approach—through strategic partnerships with educational institutions and industry associations—can help close skills gaps and ensure a sustainable talent pipeline.
Strengthening workforce participation is crucial to tackling demographic challenges. Companies can achieve this by creating incentives such as gradual transitions and job sharing models to encourage women in part-time roles to shift graduallyto full-time positions. Additionally, implementing flexible employment arrangements and tailored programmes can help motivate and retain experienced older employees, with their valuable expertise.
Companies should develop flexible hiring approaches instead of sticking to rigid ’zero-gap’ strategies. This can help alleviate labour shortages and ensure a continuous supply of skilled professionals.
To secure talent early, companies should enhance the appeal of apprenticeships by adapting programmes to reflect the interests, values, and expectations of young people. It is essential to engage potential apprentices at an early stage in their career decision-making process. This can be achieved through targeted career information sessions, outreach initiatives, and tailored programme structures that better meet the needs of this demographic. Such measures not only increase job applications but also lead to improved recruitment outcomes in the long term and a stronger pipeline of skilled talent.
Mentoring programmes leverage the expertise of experienced employees to pass on valuable knowledge and skills to younger generations. This not only ensures the preservation of institutional knowledge, but also accelerates the development of younger talent by providing them with guidance and practical insights. Mentoring fosters stronger inter-generational collaboration, enhances employee engagement, and contributes to building a culture of continuous learning within the company.
Cultivating a culture of lifelong learning empowers employees to adapt to future challenges while enhancing the company’s innovative capabilities. By embedding continuous learning into the organisational mindset, businesses can remain competitive and future-ready.
Targeted training programmes focused on technological and digital skills will enable employees to meet evolving work requirements. Agile learning models ensure that new skills are acquired quickly and efficiently, allowing the workforce to adapt dynamically to market changes.
To address labour shortages and skills gaps, companies must actively create a digital culture that goes beyond simply implementing technology. Training programmes should focus on equipping employees with digital and AI-related skills, enabling them to use automation and other emerging technologies effectively. By reducing routine tasks through automation, businesses will not only enhance productivity but will also reduce recruitment bottlenecks by better utilising existing talent to address more complex challenges.
Comprehensive health programmes that address both mental and physical well-being are essential for maintaining a resilient workforce. By offering mental health support, flexible working policies,and initiatives to promote overall health, companies can reduce stress, prevent burnout, and minimise time off due to illness. These measures help employees remain productive throughout their careers, strengthen engagement, and support longer and healthier working lives, creating a stable and effective workforce.
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