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Ageing Switzerland: Pathways to a resilient healthcare system

The ageing population is pushing the Swiss healthcare system to its limits. Rising costs, increasing care needs, and a shortage of skilled professionals demand a fundamental rethinking. At the same time, new technologies and a stronger focus on prevention present opportunities for sustainable future care. Our report outlines ways to make care more efficient and sustainable, providing concrete recommendations for action.

This demographic ageing in Switzerland is bringing about fundamental changes and presents challenges in many different areas. Our ‘Ageing Switzerland’ series considers in detail the impact of demographic ageing on business, society and policy-making. This study takes a closer look at health, an area particularly affected by societal ageing.

As we age, we need more medical interventions and more care. This not only drives up costs but also poses structural challenges for the healthcare system. The skills shortage is a particularly urgent problem: many areas of healthcare are already facing shortages of skilled staff, which are likely to become more acute over the coming years.

At the same time, however, Switzerland has new opportunities to make healthcare more efficient and more patient-oriented. Advances in medicine, digital applications, and innovative concepts such as ‘Hospital at Home’ now mean that older people can live independently for longer. There is also a growing emphasis on prevention: greater awareness of a healthy lifestyle, regular health screening, and the increasing focus on longevity all show that ageing can open up new opportunities as well as presenting challenges.

Key findings


Life expectancy is increasing, the population is getting older

Since the 1970s, a longevity revolution has been taking place in developed countries: thanks to improvements in healthcare, medicine and lifestyle, more and more people are reaching old age, and life expectancy is increasing. At the same time, the birth rate is steadily declining. Accordingly, the structure of the population is also changing. In Switzerland, it is expected that by 2050 there will be only two working age people per pensioner.

Age structure of the Swiss population

Population in 1,000s

These trends – longer life expectancy and falling birth rates – are creating an ageing population in Switzerland. Traditionally, the country’s population pyramid had a broad base of younger generations tapering to a narrow apex of older generations, but this is now being replaced by an urn-shaped curve.
 

Medical and nursing needs are increasing


With age, health restrictions and chronic diseases become more common, increasing the need for medical and nursing care. Despite longer life expectancy, there is still a gap between life span and health span: men and women in Switzerland live longer but spend many of the additional years of life with health impairments. This leads to a growing need for medical treatment and care, which will come to a head in the course of demographic ageing.


Healthcare costs are rising


Healthcare costs in Switzerland are already at a very high level and continue to rise every year. Medical progress and greater demand for healthcare services have contributed to this, but demographic ageing is also an important cost driver. Misguided incentives in the healthcare system and the inefficient use of resources exacerbate cost pressures.

Growth in healthcare costs since 1960

Healthcare costs in Switzerland are rising year on year, with an average annual increase of 6.4% since 1960. At that time, annual spending on health was CHF2 billion or around CHF374 per capita, equivalent to 4.5% of GDP. Now, six decades on, total spending has risen to CHF91 billion or around CHF10,423 per capita (2022 figures), equivalent to 11.7% of GDP.
 

Shortage of skilled workers in the healthcare sector


Although Switzerland has a high supply of health workers by international standards, it is still struggling with a noticeable shortage of health workers, especially nurses and doctors. Due to population growth, the demand for healthcare professionals will continue to increase in the coming years. However, ageing in particular poses an acute challenge, as many older professionals will retire in the next few years. Neighbouring countries are also struggling with demographic change, and the competition for talent is increasing.

Job vacancy and unemployment rates in selected health professions between 2019 and 2021

Proportion of doctors in medical practices and hospitals by age

Switzerland’s ageing population is already a substantial challenge to the healthcare system. Almost half of doctors in specialist practices (48%) are aged 55 or over. Almost a quarter are already at pensionable age. The figures are slightly lower for those working in hospitals but are still around one-third.

 

Digitisation is making slow progress
 

Digital solutions and innovative concepts such as ’Hospital at Home’ can help to make healthcare more efficient and patient-centred. The use of AIsupported diagnostic tools and connected health platforms enables early detection and treatment of diseases. However, there are still many hurdles to overcome: trust in and use of digital applications is low, and the exchange of information and access to health data remain difficult.

Awareness of digital solutions

In % of residents aged 18 and over

One particularly weak area is the electronic patient record (EPR). The 2024 Swiss eHealth Barometer found that only 37% of the surveyed Swiss residents knew about the EPR. However, eHealth Suisse figures show low levels of actual use: by end of February 2025, just 104’407 EPRs had been created, equivalent to less than 1% of the Swiss population.

Many patients are worried that early discharge risks missing possible complications. This is where concepts such as ‘Hospital at Home’ could come in. If a patient needs or would like close monitoring after a procedure, home visits, mobile support and/or digital solutions could help them make the transition from hospital to home.
 

Focus on longevity offers potential


An increased focus on prevention and healthy lifestyles can help to improve the quality of life. Early detection and disease prevention enable healthy ageing. The market for longevity and prevention solutions is growing rapidly and offers great potential for the financial stability of the healthcare system through cost savings.

Potential cost savings represented by ‘Future of Health 2040’

in billion CHF per year

If the Swiss healthcare system were to focus more on prevention and digitalisation, healthcare expenditures in 2040 could be CHF30 billion lower. Although spending on prevention and health promotion would be higher compared to today, the costs of therapeutic care and rehabilitation would be halved.
 

Strengthening regional health networks for more efficient use of resources


With demographic ageing, the need for medical and nursing services is increasing. This not only drives up costs, but also exacerbates the existing shortage of skilled workers. To counter this, a more efficient use of human and financial resources in the healthcare system is required.

For government players
 

Strategically consolidating and specialising hospital structures:


Healthcare should be optimised by putting a strong focus on specialised, efficient hospitals so that labour market bottlenecks can be reduced without lowering treatment safety and eliminating services. Small general hospitals that are regularly under-utilised should be converted into specialised centres of excellence or integrated into regional health networks.
 

Expanding health networks and strengthening cooperation:


An expansion of regional health networks, consisting of family doctors, mobile care services and other service providers, canrelieve hospitals. They offer low-threshold access to health services and should be more closely involved in hospital planning so that their role as the first point of contact is further strengthened. Clearly-defined rules regarding referrals to other service providers and cooperation with hospitals ensure seamless care for patients along the entire treatment chain.


Supra-cantonal hospital planning:


Efficient healthcare requires closer cooperation between the cantons and supra-regional hospital planning. This will consider the needs of the population and at the same time avoid over-supply. Resources should be used where they make the most sense.
 

Avoiding false incentives and promoting innovative care models:
 

The principle of “outpatient before inpatient” can only be pursued consistently if charges for outpatient treatment are made more attractive and financial incentives in favour of inpatient treatment are reduced. Charging models should be designed in such a way that, after weighing up the medical benefits, the more cost-effective outpatient option can also be chosen without economic disadvantage / financial loss. In addition, charging should be designed in such a way that innovative models such as Hospital at Home will become economically viable and can be implemented nationwide.

For healthcare facilities and companies in the healthcare sector
 

Expansion of health centres close to home:


By increasing the creation and expansion of health centres close to home, with family doctors, specialists and therapists, patients can consult quickly and receive help with their ailments. Health centres take on a gatekeeper function through early detection and screening and offering initial consultations. Larger health centres should also be equipped to treat minor emergencies themselves.
 

Shared use of administrative and logistical processes:


By bundling non-medical processes – from purchasing to IT to human resources – fixed costs can be reduced and synergies exploited. This would – improve the efficiency of healthcare and free up medical professionals from administrative tasks.
 

Strengthening cooperation and coordination:

Medical practices, pharmacies, health centres and hospitals should agree joint processes with clearly defined tasks to make cooperation efficient and guarantee patient-oriented treatment..

Digitisation to relieve the burden on professionals and improve patient care
 

Digitisation in the healthcare sector not only reduces the burden on the workforce, it also creates the basis for the use of innovative technologies such as AI-supported diagnostics and enables the integration of digital care models.

Patient-centred treatment can address more effectively the growing care needs of an ageing population.

For government players
 

Increasing trust in data sharing:
 

Clear and easy-to-comprehend data protection regulations and regular awareness campaigns help strengthen the public’s trust in digital health solutions. Patients must be able at all times to understand what data is being collected, how it is protected and who has access to it, and for what purpose it may be used.
 

Enabling interoperability:


In addition to creating a health data room, a uniform strategy is needed to facilitate the interoperability of different IT systems in the healthcare sector. This is the only way to avoid any additional effort involved in data collection and exchange and to realise efficiency gains.
 

Introducing a uniform health data room:


To drive digitisation forward and facilitate collaboration, a Swiss health data room is required. In this data room, data will be anonymised, and uniform rules guarantee that the data is structured, standardised, and easily accessed and analysed for those entitled to access it.
 

Expanding telemedicine in a targeted manner, and support specialists:


In order for telemedicine to develop its full potential, the necessary infrastructure should be expanded nationwide and access to digital health solutions, such as e-prescriptions, should be facilitated. In addition, new professional fields such as tele-nurses or specialised telemedicine coordinators can help to integrate telemedicine more effectively into regular healthcare.

For companies within and outside the healthcare sector
 

Strengthening trust and highlighting advantages:
 

Companies that process health data must make it absolutely clear that they comply with information security and data protection standards. They should implement protective measures, such as encryption and access management, and restrict the use of personal data to predefined purposes. This will help increase trust in digital applications. Healthcare providers who already enjoy a high level of trust can act as “digitisation ambassadors” and show patients the opportunities offered by digital applications.


Active promotion of the electronic patient record:


As far as possible, all healthcare providers should integrate the electronic patient record into their internal systems and encourage patients to use it to improve medical care and communication.


Patient care through digital monitoring solutions::


Healthcare providers should increasingly offer programmes such as “Hospital at Home” and use digital monitoring tools to provide patients with flexible and up-to-date methods of care. This can also strengthen trust in decentralised, patient-oriented care.


Supporting professionals with digital applications:


Investing in digital infrastructure and training staff can encourage the use of telemedicine, digital health platforms and AI-powered decision support. Digital scheduling and automated triage processes, for example, can shorten waiting times and reduce the administrative workload for skilled workers.


Digital coordination and collaboration:


Healthcare providers should network with each other to a greater extent and use shared digital platforms to increase care efficiency and exchange information. In doing so, they should always communicate openly with patients and support them in data collection.

Promoting longevity for healthy ageing and cost savings
 

In an ageing society in particular, it is becoming increasingly important to detect and prevent health problems at an early stage. This not only enables people not only to live longer, but to live healthier lives. This will also reduce costs in the long term.

For government players
 

Establishing longevity as an integral part of healthcare:
 

Prevention and longevity should not be treated as separate measures, but as an integral part of healthcare. This requires a holistic approach to treatment, from prevention to care, with a clear allocation of tasks within the health system, so that prevention, early detection and health promotion are given equal priority.

Promoting public-private partnerships to finance innovation in healthcare:
 

Collaboration between the state and the private sector can speed up the development and financing of innovative solutions. This will accelerate the adoption of new technologies and promote efficient healthcare.
 

Early detection instead of symptom treatment:


If age-related diseases such as dementia are diagnosed in time, treatment often shows better results. It therefore makes sense to expand screening programmes for groups at risk. In addition to research focusing on other age-related diseases, the creation of innovation clusters for technologies such as AI-powered diagnostics can also help promote health in old age and increase the number of years that people enjoy good health.

For companies within and outside the healthcare sector


Expansion of personalised offers in the field of longevity:


Modern diagnostics and big data analysis can be used to create individual prevention plans that are tailored to personal health risks.

 

Expand workplace health promotion:
 

Companies can contribute actively to prevention through targeted physical and mental health programmes. This includes measures such as exercise programmes, ergonomic workstations, healthy eating at the workplace, and stress management workshops.

 

Encouraging healthy behaviour with digital applications:


Health apps can promote preventive behaviour by motivating users to lead an active lifestyle and by pointing out possible health risks at an early stage. To make better use of their potential, developers should work closely with healthcare providers. Strong networks would make it possible to integrate health data more effectively into care and thus support individual, personalised treatments.

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