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Tax & Legal Impact Report 2025

Through our work with clients, we have a significant role to play in making tax and legal systems work better. Our stakeholders have an interest in how we play that role and the impact we make. This report informs our stakeholders through sharing the principles of our approach, examples of our work and the details of our tax contribution.

Throughout FY25 our 4,500 UK Tax & Legal colleagues have helped clients navigate complexity, drive growth and supported the effective operation of tax and legal systems.

This report is a source of great pride and includes stories of the impact we’re making in:

Lisa Stott

Managing Partner, Tax & Legal

Helping shape the future of tax and legal systems

We help shape the future of tax and legal systems through our policy contribution and our investment in people and technology.

Policy contribution

A year of many changes

The year 2024 saw over 60% of the world population called to polling stations with intense election periods, manifestos and then new governments settling in. The UK was no exception and further to the change of government, HMRC is now focusing on three key priorities: closing the tax gap, improving customer services, and modernising and reforming the tax and customs system. Our tax policy contributions this year have extended to highlighting opportunities for efficiency in administration, as well as areas where the tax system could be simplified.

The ascension of trade policy at the heart of client concerns

Our clients were faced with geopolitical challenges and uncertainty, impacting both trade and tax policies which required up to the minute insight, and then a degree of agility and resilience. This year’s Attitudes to Trade survey was the third in our series and was well received by both businesses and the government.

Our trade policy team continued to produce regular insights in their trade newsletter, which is circulated to around 5,000 targeted business contacts each fortnight. Additionally, between January and June 2025, the trade policy team delivered briefings and webinars on the impact of US tariff policy to internal and external audiences.

Attitudes to Trade

Our annual survey of senior business leaders’ sentiment towards UK trade policy

Mapping the future - international tax policy developments

In FY25 the complexity of tracking, interpreting and understanding global and local tax policy changes continued and we helped businesses navigate this via our technical alerts, webcasts and presentations.  

As filing requirements for Pillar Two returns (GIR) become established the focus on data, technology and processes for compliance have intensified.  We worked closely with our technology and process experts to ensure Deloitte’s Pillar Two Agent (a global Pillar Two compliance and filing solution, keeps pace with technical, governmental and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (‘OECD’) latest developments. 

Other international projects include: policy input to help keep the tax framework up to date with modern business practices such as remote/cross-border working, continued improvements to international tax certainty processes, and long term focus areas such as transfer pricing and permanent establishments. We have provided input to the OECD and UK government stakeholders and guidance to our clients in order that these areas are shaped and adopted appropriately for business in the 21st century.

Key statistics in FY25

25,000

Registrants to our programme of 42 Dbrief webcasts

Internal specialist presenters share news and views relating to current tax topics with a wide audience of tax practitioners and others

25

Written responses to tax-related consultations

Bodies including HMRC, HM Treasury, the Department for International Trade and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on a wide range of domestic and international tax issues

15,000

User sessions on our UK Tax Policy Map

For the second year running since launch, our UK Tax Policy Map continues to be a compelling reference point across a series of policy themes in an evolving tax landscape

Shaping the Future of Business Tax

Collaboration is at the heart of responsible tax and legal engagement, as Lisa Shipley, a director in Deloitte’s Tax Policy Group, reflects on her experience at the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) 2025 Residential Conference. 

For me, the IFS Conference, "Building a 21st Century Business Tax System," was an opportunity to engage with prominent stakeholders from business, academia, and public sector policy teams. It was a chance to not only share insights but also to listen, debate, and input into the future shape of UK business taxation. 

One of the most engaging moments was leading a breakout session with partners from across our business tax specialisms. Our session, "What should the UK’s main priorities be to remain competitive?", attracted significant interest from a diverse group of delegates, including representatives from HMRC, HM Treasury, and the private sector. Together, we explored essential components of a competitive UK business environment, including tax certainty and tax incentives. 

Amanda Tickel, Head of Tax & Trade Policy at Deloitte, also contributed to a panel discussion on the future of corporation tax in an increasingly globalised world. The debate was dynamic, and the perspectives shared were thought-provoking. 

Our involvement extended beyond the conference. Participating in the “IFS Zooms In" podcast allowed us to delve deeper, and with over 25,000 streams, it was clear how much interest this subject generates. 

Reflecting on the event, our collaboration with the IFS provided a platform to directly debate and input into the shaping of future tax policy with key figures in the public and private sectors.

Our people

Team growth

Our investment in people is most clearly shown in our promotion of 1,195 colleagues on 1 June 2024; our recruitment of almost 520 new joiners, including 31 school leavers (our Bright Start programme), 236 graduates and 250 experienced hires.

Team learning and education

Earning and maintaining trust is at the heart of every client relationship and is an essential aspect of every person's role in Tax and Legal which, in a large part, happens through the knowledge, skills and technical expertise our people acquire and apply.

This year, we've continued to emphasise the vital role learning plays in developing and maintaining trust. Building on last year's successes, in FY25 we delivered a comprehensive range of learning experiences encompassing technical knowledge, professional education and essential skills. We also promoted the importance of continuous learning through on-the-job experiences to reinforce acquired knowledge.

In FY25 we saw...

68,000

Learning hours delivered across over 4,000 live sessions

Over 2,600

Attendees at 32 separate in-person technical training courses

740

Professionals attended development programmes at Deloitte University, our dedicated learning and development facility in Paris

500

Tax & Legal professionals trained in Generative AI, equipping them with the skills needed for the future of work

Alongside the launch of the CIOT Diploma in Tax Technology and the Deloitte Diploma in UK and International Taxation to enhance digital skills and tax knowledge respectively, we also facilitated 820 attendees at our flagship development programmes.

Analyst Academy

A week-long event to welcome new graduate and school-leaver recruits into the business

Empower              

A 3.5-day residential course for all newly promoted Consultants

Client Sphere

A one-day course to equip our people with tools, skills, strategies and the mindset needed to deliver an unmatched client experience

Throughout FY25 a dedicated learning team of 20 professionals, along with a wide network of learning leads and champions, supported the delivery of our comprehensive learning agenda. We continued to have a strong focus on Diversity Equity & Inclusion, as well as sustainability and wellbeing across our courses.

Team support

This year we activated on our Tax and Legal People and Purpose strategy which centres around three key pillars. These pillars underpin our key aims from a talent perspective and reflect our ongoing commitment to our people.

The People Leader role is critical to the success of our business and the People Leader relationship is integral to the development and progression of our people. This year we focussed on ensuring a consistent understanding of the expectations and importance of the role.

For example, we launched our Tax & Legal ‘People Leader Toolkit’ to effectively support our People Leaders in their role, a one stop shop, including valuable resources, training materials and key talent cycle timelines.

 

Listening to our people and ensuring that they feel heard continues to be a key priority. In FY25 we began our ‘People and Purpose’ roadshows, providing an opportunity for our people to share their thoughts and ask questions to our People and Purpose Partner, Harvey Smith and our HR Business Partners. These will continue into FY26.

We continued to listen to our people via our Engage for Change survey. Over 3,200 employees responded to our latest survey which essential for us to be able to act on the things that matter most to them.

For example, in response, we launched our Tax and Legal approach to wellbeing, which focusses on 3 key areas to support thriving teams: personal proactivity, collective responsibility as teams and leadership accountability. We invested in support for our people with their wellbeing, including a ‘Digital habits for better wellbeing’ session, led by Mind over Tech and a session on ‘Reaching out for help at work’, led by Thriving.

We are committed to ensuring that we continually strive to provide an inclusive workplace and equity of opportunity for everyone in Tax and Legal. Some of the activity undertaken this year includes:

  • Each Tax and Legal Partner was requested to commit to at least one inclusion goal, which will also form part of their end of year discussion.
  • The launch of the Ethnicity Action Group (EAG), which is specifically focused on moving the dial on equity of opportunity for Ethnic Minority colleagues within Tax and Legal and is supported by allied partners, including Tax and Legal Exec Team members.
  • 90 of our Partners joined Caroline Flanagan, author and keynote speaker, for a workshop on ‘Building an inclusive culture’.
  • Targeted individual development actions to ensure we embrace a culture of continuous improvement on D&I.
  • A specific focus on all 12 inclusion networks, led by Philippa Castell, People and Purpose lead, involving a systematic stress test to ensure Tax and Legal is fully supporting each inclusion network and that each of these networks supports our people.

"People Leaders are responsible for supporting their team members’ wellbeing, performance and development. This role is crucial to maintaining our high-performance culture in Tax and Legal and ensuring we maximise people potential as career shapers."

 

- Harvey Smith, UK Tax & Legal People & Purpose Leader

Zainab Najefi and James Panayi give a sense of how our inclusion policies impact the lives of our people.

Identifying as a carer can be complicated. It takes on average two years for many carers to self-identify and some choose to never consider themselves carers. According to Carers UK, there are an estimated 5.8 million unpaid carers currently in the UK. We spoke to Zainab Najefi, Associate Director in Tax & Legal and member of our Working Families Network caring community.

Hi Zainab - can you tell us about your role as a carer?

I'm a carer for my 11-year-old son, Adnan, who was born with a rare genetic disorder. Adnan has complex medical needs and needs various medical appointments. He is a very happy child and he goes to a specialist school, which he loves.

We know people don't always realise they are a carer - was this your experience?

I didn't consider myself a carer until recently because I'm his mum first and foremost. However, as Adnan's condition has been progressing and certain things become more challenging, my husband and I have now started to self-identify as carers. When Deloitte's carers leave policy came out, I realised that I do fall in the category of a carer and the extra support would really help.

In what ways has the carers leave policy and firm supported you?

I hope to use some leave during the school holidays this summer to look after my son. Generally, I feel really supported when I need time off for appointments or if my son is unwell. I joined the firm in October 2020 during the pandemic and Adnan was in the vulnerable category, so it was a really scary time for us. I told the hiring partner at the time about my situation and they supported me in delaying my start date for six months until I was ready.

Are there any misconceptions of caring?

I think there's a misconception that caring is always miserable and hard, but that’s not necessarily the case. If I say I have a disabled son, some people will show pity but I don’t want people to feel sorry for us. Our lives are different and things can be challenging but that doesn’t mean we aren't happy. Being carers doesn't change us as people.

What are the rewards of being carer and what hopes do you have for the future?

For me, it's about making Adnan's life as happy and fulfilling as possible, knowing that his life will be short. I hope that in the future disabled children continue to become more visible in the world. It's encouraging to see policies to support carers being implemented, and I hope we continue to find ways to do that.

Technology

The exponential progression in the field of Artificial Intelligence remains an essential area of focus and development within Deloitte Tax and Legal. This year we have scaled our transformation initiatives to provide our people with access to the best tools to provide our services. As we scale, risk, governance and control remain central to all development through our Trustworthy AI model.

Listen here to our digital leader, Hayley McKelvey, talk about our progress.

Supporting responsible tax and legal engagement

Our society relies on businesses and individuals engaging with the tax and legal systems in a responsible manner. Our clients trust us to provide the tax and legal advice and compliance services they need to meet this obligation.

HMRC data estimates that the cost of taxpayers not taking ‘reasonable care’ and making errors in relation to tax compliance increased to £21.7 billion in the tax year ended April 2024.

Our client base primarily comprises larger businesses where the tax gap is comparatively low and we help keep it low, by applying the highest professional standards and combining expertise with technology and efficient delivery models.

Given the size of our practice this translates to meaningful social contribution on a national and international scale.

During the calendar year 2024, UK teams have overseen the management of over 90,000 global tax obligations via our Intela client collaboration platform.

The types of obligations managed through this platform include corporate income tax, VAT, transfer pricing, withholding tax, financial statements, country-by-country reporting and many more.

We have submitted more than 15,700 UK personal income tax returns of behalf of our clients with internationally mobile employees and over 5,700 personal tax returns for our private clients. Over 90% of these returns were digitally filed  meaning less manual burden on teams to file our clients tax returns.

All Deloitte partners and employees who advise on UK tax matters are committed to upholding the reputation of the profession and adhere to the principles set out in the Professional Conduct in Relation to Taxation jointly developed by the UK’s leading tax and accountancy bodies.

Our legal teams have also supported clients to stay ahead of new obligations and regulations, from providing scoping services and implementation support to ongoing compliance management using the latest technology. As the regulatory landscape continues to evolve – with new digital regulations, the Employment Rights Bill and CRD VI to name a few - we have provided business solutions for our clients, built on legal excellence.

Tax transparency

With the EU and Australia introducing Public Country by Country Reporting of financial and tax data, we have been helping multinationals prepare: from understanding the nuances of implementation across 27 member states in respect of the EU regulations, to ensuring they have the right technology strategy to report the right data in the right format.  Just as importantly we’ve been helping businesses ensure their stakeholders understand the data, the organisation’s approach to tax governance and, where helpful, provide additional detail on the business’s overall tax contribution.

International tax governance

Our UK tax governance team have made a leading contribution to our global tax governance network, working with international peers to suggest practical means of unlocking the win-win-win that enhanced tax governance can provide to tax authorities, taxpayers and wider society in the recent article Governance and transparency: The perfect match? 

“Good tax governance is the essence of responsible tax and our UK team is demonstrating its world class credentials by contributing to the international debate.”

 

- Tim Hayle, Tax Director, Deloitte UK

Conferences and Client Development Programmes

Every year we help many of the most influential leaders across the tax and legal professions connect with the cutting edge of technical developments in their field and build their personal capabilities to help their businesses engage with tax and legal developments at an organisational level.

Photo of Ed Balls, former British politician, George Osborne, British politician and Andy Coticelli, Partner & Vice Chair at Deloitte Private, at the Tax Leader’s Conference 2024.

Promoting the growth of the UK economy

Growth in UK GDP and productivity can help address the cost living crisis and ensure the UK remains competitive on the global stage. Our work supports numerous drivers of growth and productivity in the UK economy.

Responding to challenges in society

Our commitment to both our work and charitable causes is actively shaping a more effective societal response to crucial issues like inequality and climate change.

We continue to work closely with the tax charities, TaxAid and Tax Help for Older People, and relaunched our corporate volunteering programme in July 2024. Through their work with the charities, our volunteers provide up to three-and-a-half hours of their time a month to support vulnerable, low-income taxpayers who need help with their tax problems but cannot afford to pay for professional advice. In FY25 over 30 Deloitte volunteers helped around 90 individuals with their tax problems.

For many of those supported by the tax charities, their tax problems are caused or exacerbated by other issues in their lives such as bereavement, mental or physical ill-health, job loss or business failure, language barriers or educational needs. With personal allowances frozen until April 2028, more people on low incomes will be brought into the tax system each year as HMRC forecasts the number of income tax payers to rise from 34.5 million in 2022-23 to 39.1 million in 2025-26. Often tax problems seem insurmountable but can be resolved easily with professional help. As well as reducing financial hardship (our volunteers achieved over £120,000 of cancelled tax demands and late filing penalties in FY25), the support provided to the beneficiaries removes a weight from their shoulders and allows them to focus their time and energy on other areas of their life.

Our support extends beyond volunteering and, in FY25, we made a financial donation of £50,000 and continued to provide a part-time secondee and technical support on the Salesforce case management system.

During FY25, we also carried out a pro-bono beneficiary assessment project to help the charities better understand the needs of current and potential beneficiaries, as well as the needs of voluntary and community sector organisations who provide a referral pathway for beneficiaries. This work helped inform a strategic review carried out by the trustees of the two charities and on 1 July 2025 TaxAid and Tax Help for Older People merged to further develop the services needed to help people of all ages in the future.

"TaxAid is a small charity, but our purpose is to make a big impact on people who are otherwise unable to access the help they need with a tax problem and in 2024/25 we changed the lives of over 18,000 people. The collaborative nature of the identification and delivery of the support we receive from Deloitte as well as its breadth, ensures that the impact of Deloitte's resources on the lives of our beneficiaries is maximised. All projects undertaken, from the routine volunteering work undertaken by junior consultants, to the specialist skills of the Salesforce team or consulting team to the senior advisory support are all delivered with immense professionalism ensuring that Deloitte's impact is not limited to the direct support of our beneficiaries, but extends to our staff teams, providing us with the opportunity to increase our self-sufficiency and creating resilience against future challenges."

- Valerie Boggs, CEO at TaxAid

Given the increases in both the minimum wage and number of minimum wage jobs, alongside the complex rules previously introduced, many employers continue to inadvertently pay people incorrectly. This is despite the fact that there are now more minimum wage jobs in very large firms than micro firms.

During FY25, our Fair pay team have continued to advise clients on national minimum wage and holiday pay compliance. In FY25, we reviewed over 838,000 employees’ national minimum wage or holiday underpayments.

The team have also supported a number of clients, who collectively have over 150,000 employees, to comply with the EU Pay Transparency Directive, ensuring employers are transparent regarding pay structures and can accurately measure and report on the gender pay gap and ensure pay equity across Europe. 

Pro Bono

Project Greenery, is a collaborative, pro bono initiative jointly funded by Deloitte and Beamery, each contributing £100,000. Deloitte and Beamery, are working with Talent Beyond Boundaries (TBB) to address the significant skills shortage required to deliver net zero ambitions by supporting ‘Green Horizons’, a platform scaling programme that seeks to reskill and relocate ~10,000 displaced individuals by 2030.

The project's core objectives are twofold: to develop a proof-of-concept for a technologically advanced platform capable of efficiently matching skilled refugees with green jobs, and to develop a proof-of-concept for ethical migration pathways for the displaced labour, using the UK as a pilot. This platform will leverage Beamery's expertise in talent intelligence and technology.

From a social impact perspective, the project aims to contribute to improve the lives of refugees and displaced individuals, contribute to the urgent global need for skilled professionals to deliver the green transition and create a more sustainable and equitable future for all.

The Online Safety Act introduced a new UK regulatory framework to improve user safety online, imposing duties on online service providers to prevent users encountering illegal and harmful content. It granted Ofcom increased regulatory powers requiring a proactive approach to user safety, protection of children, user rights, transparency in service design and operation, as well as the implementation of underpinning governance, risk and compliance.

In 2025, the compliance timelines under the Act have started to bite, with over 100,000 affected online services required to complete risk assessments starting from March 2025. Companies who fail to comply risk enforcement action which could result in significant fines linked to their qualifying worldwide revenue. The Online Safety Act has come hot on the heels of the EU Digital Services Act, which is designed to create a safer, fairer and more transparent online environment by imposing obligations on digital service providers operating in the EU, many of which are also subject to the UK online safety regulatory regime.

Deloitte’s Digital Regulation team is supporting in-scope businesses through all phases of the regulatory compliance lifecycle across the new UK and EU online safety regulations. We provide ‘legal+’ multi-disciplinary services, bringing lawyers together with other disciplines from across Deloitte, including risk and compliance specialists, to support clients on their regulation compliance journeys.

Below are some of examples of how we are helping our clients to meet the requirements of the Online Safety Act and keep their users, including children, safe online.

Risk Assessments

A continuing and increasing theme across online content regulation globally is the requirement for online safety risk assessments and reports. Deloitte’s Digital Regulation team supported global organisations with preparation for and execution of their first Illegal Content Risk Assessments under the Online Safety Act, designing the risk assessment methodologies, reviewing existing policies and advising on changes to the clients’ processes.

Regulation Mapping

Deloitte supported a global online platform with regulatory mapping and controls expansion, tracking to the requirements of the Online Safety Act, as well as the EU Digital Services Act and other intersecting regulations such as the EU’s AI Act. We conducted regulatory reviews and mapped those across to the client’s existing controls and mitigations, as well as guidance on the design and implementation of required controls.

Regulatory Readiness

Deloitte provided legal expertise to support a global tech company’s regulatory readiness for key digital regulations, particularly the Online Safety Act. Our work involved collaborating closely with the client’s risk and compliance stakeholders to advise on the applicability of the relevant regulations, identifying core workstreams and developing actionable step plans to operationalise compliance.

We have continued to support and introduce our clients to government incentives. This enables them to work toward environmental targets whilst having confidence in funding.

R&D Tax Claims for Biodiversity Development

Recent BNG (Biodiversity Net Gain) legislation has introduced a requirement that wildlife habitats must be left in a measurably better state after land or property development work is undertaken. We worked with a company who help developers meet these new requirements. Their large team of Ecologists are developing new methods and techniques to promote and accelerate biodiversity gain, as well as investigating new ways to characterise and quantify biodiversity. Deloitte worked with the client (who had not made R&D claims before) to understand the work being undertaken and the extent to which this activity fulfilled the R&D regime criteria. The benefit gained through the claim will help the client to continue to develop their scientific and technical understanding of biodiversity and how it can be improved / accelerated and the experience gained through the claim process will support their future claims for work of this nature.

R&D Tax Claims for work to decarbonise electricity generation and supply

As the UK progresses decarbonisation to meet “net zero” demands through increased wind and solar power usage, some existing power stations are being reconfigured so that they will no longer generate power but instead will in future provide “inertia” for the grid, which is critical for stable operation. Other power stations that are continuing to generate electricity will need to change their modes of operation to meet the emerging demands of net zero and have needed development work to understand the limitations of the existing power plant equipment as well as trials to investigate their new operating conditions. The Deloitte R&D tax team assisted a client in their application of the R&D criteria to the development work and prepared R&D claims centred on the full-scale experimental trials that needed to be performed, and helped to ensure that only the appropriate costs were claimed. The R&D claims will support the client as they continue to invest in meeting decarbonisation targets.

Total tax contribution

Deloitte makes a significant contribution to the UK Exchequer through the taxes paid by the equity partners and the business. In total this is estimated to be £643m in respect of the past year (FY24: £603m). The partnership itself does not pay tax and national insurance on profits as UK tax rules look through a partnership to its equity partners to tax those profits.

The tax and national insurance borne by the equity partners of Deloitte relates to the profits earned by them. Income tax and national insurance payable by equity partners on the current year profits arising in the UK is estimated to be £347m (FY24: £307m). The average effective rate of tax (including NIC) for equity partners on their total profit entitlement is 49.39% (FY24: 49.87%). The average effective tax rate for an equity partner is higher than the comparable effective tax rate of 45.92% an employee would incur on the same level of income, primarily because, as business owners, the equity partners are required to meet the additional tax cost of disallowable expenditure within the business.

In addition, Deloitte has collected business taxes on behalf of the UK Exchequer of £1,139m (FY24: £1,151m) which includes employee tax and national insurance of £588m (FY24: £622m) and VAT of £551m (FY24: £530m).

Taxes paid by Deloitte in the UK (£m)

Taxes collected by Deloitte in the UK on behalf of others (£m)

This policy applies to Deloitte LLP and all UK entities in its group.

We apply the standards set out in the Professional Conduct in Relation to Tax to both our own tax affairs and when advising clients. This policy covers our approach to arranging our own tax affairs.

Ensuring that we pay the right amount of tax, in the right place, at the right time is core to our commitment to being a responsible business and Deloitte LLP makes a significant contribution to the UK Exchequer each year.

Our tax policy comprises five key components:

1. Commitment to compliance

We are committed to compliance with tax law and practice in the UK. Compliance for us means paying the right amount of tax in the right place at the right time. It involves disclosing all relevant facts and circumstances to the tax authorities and claiming reliefs and incentives where available.

2. Responsible attitude to arranging our tax affairs

In structuring our commercial activities we will consider – among other factors – the tax laws of the countries in which we operate, with a view to maximising value on a sustainable basis for our partners or employees.

For example, we will often look to take steps to reduce the risk of double taxation (i.e. the same income being taxed twice in two different jurisdictions).
Any structuring that is undertaken will have commercial and economic substance and will have full regard to the potential impact on our reputation and broader goals. We will not put in place any arrangements that are contrived or artificial. We prepare all UK partners’ tax returns in accordance with Professional Conduct in Relation to Tax.

3. Effective risk management

Given the scale of our business and volume of tax obligations, risks will inevitably arise from time to time in relation to the interpretation of complex tax law and nature of our compliance arrangements. We actively seek to identify, evaluate, monitor and manage these risks.
Where there is significant uncertainty or complexity in relation to a risk, external advice may be sought, particularly in relation to our international tax obligations.

We have a rolling programme of Internal audit activity focused on our tax controls.

We seek to adhere to the low-risk characteristics set out in HMRC’s Business Risk Review methodology.

4. Constructive approach to engaging with HMRC

We engage with HMRC with honesty, integrity, respect and fairness and in a spirit of co- operative compliance. Wherever possible, we do so on a real time basis, to minimise tax risk.

Whilst we will not take positions on tax matters that may create reputational risk or jeopardise our good standing with taxing authorities, we are however prepared to litigate where we disagree with a ruling or decision of a tax authority, having always first sought to resolve any disputed matters through active and transparent discussion.

5. Board ownership and oversight

This tax policy is aligned with our Ethics Code and is approved and owned by the Executive and overseen by the Board. It is is published in compliance with the requirements of Paragraph 16(2) and Paragraph 25 of Schedule 19 to the Finance Act 2016. It applies for the financial year ending 31 May 2026 and all subsequent years until superseded.

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