Infrastructure Enters the Systems Era: Deloitte Survey Finds Integration, AI and Complexity Redefine the Global Landscape

Key takeaways

• Systems over silos: 69% of survey respondents expect rising demand for smart, connected infrastructure making cross-system coordination essential.
• Investment vs. impact: Investment is broadening, but 31% cite budget limits and 22% unclear implementation roadmap and ROI as barriers to making projects viable.
• Complexities impact progress: Complex policies, regulations and permitting processes (39%), and complex procurement processes (29%) are seen as major hurdles to delivery.
• Resilience action lags risk awareness: 60% of governments prioritize cyber resilience, but only 33% invest in preparing for natural disasters and extreme weather despite 56% naming extreme weather as the top risk.

Why this matters

Physical and digital infrastructure have merged into a complex, interdependent system, necessitating a dramatic shift in how nations and organizations plan, finance and deliver critical assets, according to Deloitte’s new “2026 Future of Infrastructure Survey.” The report finds that while investment is set to surge across asset classes worldwide, including: digital infrastructure and networks; energy, water, other utilities; mobility and transportation; and social and entertainment infrastructure, the greatest challenge for leaders is how to deliver, operate and secure infrastructure as an integrated ecosystem.

Respondents say legacy structures with fragmented policies and outdated delivery models now pose the greatest risks. One analysis finds that more than 1 in 10 global megaprojects face significant delays or cancellations. The era of infrastructure as a system has arrived, and private and public sector organizations should reinvent how complexity is managed to unlock new economic potential and avoid cascading failures.

Key quote

— Kelly Marchese, Infrastructure practice leader, Deloitte Consulting LLP

Rise of the system-of-systems

Infrastructure is evolving from isolated assets into an interconnected system-of-systems, where physical and digital solutions increasingly depend on each other. Deloitte’s global survey finds that 69% of leaders expect rising demand for smart, connected infrastructure, while 45% globally identify cross-system dependencies as a defining challenge. As connectivity and energy requirements surge (68% and 64%, respectively), leaders are likely to require new models for coordination, visibility and joint planning across organizational and sector boundaries.

From more capital to smarter capital

As infrastructure investment priorities expand and diversify, the challenge shifts from accessing capital to matching the right type of funding to each project’s needs and risks. Deloitte’s survey finds that 31% of leaders cite budget constraints as their top barrier, while many projects, especially in digital, energy, and social infrastructure, require tailored funding models and risk-sharing strategies, not one-size-fits-all financing. Effective funding models are likely to depend on combining public and private sources, developing investable pipelines, and balancing risk allocation to unlock delivery at scale. 

Institutional friction bottlenecks progress

Despite rising investment, complex permitting, procurement, and regulatory processes are now the top barriers to infrastructure delivery. Deloitte’s survey shows 39% of leaders globally cite regulatory complexity as the biggest implementation challenge, with institutional friction slowing projects even after funding is secured. Streamlining approvals and leveraging AI to automate tasks — already a priority for 36% of organizations and planned to rise to 42% over the next three years — will be essential to overcoming these systemic delays and delivering at scale.

Resilience redefined: from assets to ecosystems

As infrastructure systems become more interconnected, leaders can no longer focus on solely protecting individual assets. Deloitte’s survey shows 60% of government respondents prioritize cybersecurity, making it the top investment area, yet only 33% rank climate resilience as a leading priority — even though 56% recognize extreme weather as infrastructure’s greatest threat. Closing this resilience gap requires a system-wide approach that addresses cascading risks across both digital and physical domains.

AI as infrastructure’s operating layer

The use of AI is rapidly evolving from isolated applications and emerging as the core operating layer of connected infrastructure, enabling continuous system improvement and smarter decision-making. Deloitte’s survey finds that 61% of respondents cite predictive maintenance as the leading current AI use case. However, 44% of leaders expect to expand AI use into energy demand forecasting and 40% into supply chain logistics in the next three years, but 34% cite technology talent gaps—especially in AI and cybersecurity—as a top barrier to scaling these innovations. Organizations will need to build thorough data, governance, and workforce foundations so AI can deliver value across the infrastructure lifecycle.

Survey methodology

Deloitte surveyed 985 infrastructure leaders from government, private sector, and not-for-profit organizations across 21 countries and all major regions. Respondents represented four key asset classes: digital infrastructure and networks; energy, water, and other utilities; mobility and transportation; social and entertainment. The survey explored current priorities, expected three-year shifts, implementation challenges, financing, resilience, and the role of AI and emerging technologies. Results were analyzed globally and by region, entity type and asset class.