Critical Minerals and Rare Earth Elements: Driving India’s Transition to a Resilient and Self-reliant Economy

As the global economy accelerates towards decarbonisation and reindustrialisation, critical minerals are emerging as the foundation of this transition. From renewable energy and electric vehicles to advanced electronics and defence systems, these materials power the technologies shaping the future. However, supply chains remain concentrated and vulnerable, creating risks around access, pricing and long-term security. Critical Minerals and Rare Earth Elements: Driving India’s Transition to a Resilient and Self-reliant Economy, explores how shifting global dynamics and policy responses are redefining the critical minerals landscape, with a focus on India’s strategic position.

Overview

The race to secure critical minerals is accelerating as countries advance clean energy and next-generation manufacturing. These materials power technologies from electric vehicles to semiconductors, yet supply chains remain concentrated and vulnerable. Governments and industries are responding by diversifying supply, building domestic capabilities and exploring recycling, even as structural constraints continue to limit scale.

For India, rising demand and import dependence make supply security a strategic priority. At the same time, strong policy momentum and untapped potential offer an opportunity to build capabilities across the value chain and strengthen its position in global markets.