Companies should think holistically and ensure their capital-allocation decisions reflect their ESG commitments.
Authors:
Andrew Swart, Global Mining & Metals Leader, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
Andrew Lane, Energy, Resources & Industrials Leader, Deloitte Africa
The race to cut Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions in mining has well and truly begun. Over the past five years, several miners have set themselves ambitious decarbonisation targets. For them, the challenge now lies in determining the best way to move from intent to reality.
The approach that organisations use to prioritise and operationalise different projects and allocate capital spend across their assets could make or break their competitive advantage over the next decade. Many are, understandably, proceeding with caution.
While the global majors weigh up their next move, the mid-market is playing catch-up. Many mid-market players are only now laying out their net-zero targets and planning the steps these will require both in the short and long term. Their journeys will need to be faster than those of their predecessors in order to keep pace with fast-moving expectations around environmental, social, and governance (ESG) from stakeholders and markets.
While much of the focus today is on climate change and decarbonisation, companies will increasingly need to think holistically and ensure their capital-allocation decisions reflect their ESG commitments. Building a portfolio of businesses, initiatives, and projects that are collectively strategically sound, value-creating, resilient, and sustainable will minimise risk in the face of significant future uncertainty and boost the aggregate value of a company’s holdings over time.
Use an ESG lens for smart capital allocation
There are numerous frameworks designed to help executive management teams build and sustain an optimal corporate portfolio. The Sustainably Advantaged Portfolio framework1 is simple, yet effective. Creating an advantaged sustainable portfolio involves a range of initiatives spanning four broad categories of investments detailed below and in figure 1:
“The aim is to build a portfolio of assets which not only provide a financial return, but considers a broader set of dimensions,” says Andrew SwartꟷGlobal Mining & Metals Leader, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. “The portfolio approach is important, because not all investment opportunities are going to deliver all types of value. Each asset or project will play a different role to create a balance that informs effective capital allocation.”
As companies move beyond pure reporting of metrics to making ESG an integral part of their strategies, a key differentiator will be the narrative they build for investors around their portfolio and how they are positioning their assets for the long term. With time, we could see the emergence of different portfolio themes, some of which are explored below.
Figure 1: Sustainable advantaged portfolio attributes
Theme 1: The economic decarbonisation portfolio
Today, many energy-management related projects have clear economic returns thanks to the advancement of technology, scale effects of production, and investments made in research and development (R&D) by equipment manufacturers and the industry itself.
With energy accounting for approximately 25-30% of direct operating costs2 , companies could prioritise this lever (primarily focused on Scope 1 and 2 emissions) ) to enhance their asset competitiveness and free up cash flow. Some firms may also invest small amounts in longer-term innovation initiatives to secure a lower long-term energy footprint.
Through the lens of mergers and acquisitions, companies may prioritise assets in geographies where renewable energy forms a significant portion of the baseload, or alternatively invest in their own renewable power capacity. These will all be key to creating a competitive advantage, as well as driving value creation.
These portfolios and investments will also need to be resilient across a range of commodity and carbon price regimes and regulatory changes. For example, today we see legislation being considered in Mexico that could potentially limit self-generation of power.3 These types of scenarios would need to be contemplated.
Finally, on the ESG side, companies might prioritise initiatives that address compliance requirements set out by local authorities and metrics that are required by traditional investors.
Theme 2: The value beyond compliance portfolio
Under this theme, some companies may push the boundaries beyond an immediate focus on energy, making investments to rethink greenfield projects and create fully electric mines with a step-change in emissions and performance. Others might look not just at projects which meet traditional return-on-investment (ROI) metrics but perhaps those with lower metrics which help the company toward its wider net-zero commitments.
This portfolio might also contemplate a different asset mix, reducing exposure to commodities that are overweight in carbon emissions on a per-ton basis. It would look at the portfolio through the lens of a potential ESG investor and consider what they might want to include in an index.
Andrew LaneꟷEnergy, Resources & Industrials leader, Deloitte Africa, explains, “Beyond energy, it’s likely that some companies will ramp up their community and stakeholder investments. Often, these struggle for equitable assessment through traditional capital-allocation metrics, but some companies are developing methods to quantify these investments, particularly if they help de-risk assets and create deeper buy-in from communities.”
These portfolios might also look beyond cost savings and contemplate investments that build greater climate-change resilience. These could include mechanisms to address the impact of drought or flooding in different regions, or those that look at disruption of supply-chain and logistics routes as a result of climate change.
In essence, a portfolio like this would go beyond compliance requirements to create a deeper connection with stakeholders and position the organisation for the future.
Theme 3: The disruptive sustainable portfolio
Under this theme, mining companies may take the opportunity to rethink how demand for green and critical minerals could generate a competitive advantage going forward. In this instance, companies could diversify parts of their portfolio to include these commodities, as Australian miner South32 recently did with copper. In October 2021, the company announced that it would spend US$2.05 billion to purchase a 45% stake in the Sierra Gorda mine in northern Chile from Sumitomo Metal Mining Co.4
There’s also the potential for scrutiny of Scope 3 emissions to disrupt the value chain, generating new alliances, vertical integration, and greater transparency both up and downstream. Examples include the US$10 million investment made by Rio Tinto with China Baowu Steel in December 2020 to establish a Low Carbon Raw Materials Preparation R&D Centre which will develop low-carbon ore preparation processes.5
Companies could also increase their focus on the circular economy and opportunities around urban farming to retrieve minerals though recycling. For example, Swedish miner Boliden is also one of Europe’s largest recyclers of used lead-acid batteries and electronic waste. The company opened a new SEK750 million (US$83 million) leaching plant at its Rönnskär facility in September 2021 to boost the recovery of lead, copper and zinc from residual material and cut the amount of waste it deposits underground by 80%.6 Investments such as these reflect a growing belief that traditional mining models might need to evolve in the long term.
Under this theme, companies would focus on evolution of ESG expectations, the potential for non-traditional players to enter the value chain, or the speed at which technologies such as hydrogen, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and robotics might achieve widespread adoption. All of these changes would also need to be examined from the point of view of sustainability, while also evaluating collaborative models, new ways to create social value and rebuilding trust.
None of these portfolio themes are mutually exclusive, and we have purposefully pulled them apart to create a contrast. In reality, a final portfolio will have a mix of these elements depending on the longer-term vision of organisations and their inherent risk appetite.
The message is that companies need to factor ESG more explicitly into their capital-allocation frameworks and use that to define the contours of their portfolios today and in the future.
Creating your own sustainably managed portfolio means:
2. "Energy and the mining industry: Driving value through energy management," Deloitte, published 2021 accessed 5 November 2021.
3. Kate Brown de Vejar, Marcelo Páramo Fernández, Carlos Guerrero, “Reform to the Electric Industry Law: A new risk for energy projects in Mexico,” DLA Piper, published 10 March 2021, accessed 5 November 2021.
4. “South32 to acquire interest in Sierra Gorda,” South32, published 14 October 2021 , accessed 30 November 2021.
5. “Rio Tinto advances climate partnership with China Baowu Steel with US$10 million investment,” Rio Tinto, published 16 December 2020 , accessed 14 November 2021.
6. “Facilities providing increased resource efficiency and long-term storage inaugurated,” Boliden, published 28 September 2021 , accessed 30 November 2021.