Den cirkulära ekonomin tar ett steg tillbaka
Den cirkulära ekonomin, som bygger på återvinning, återbruk och delning av material och resurser, anses spela en viktig roll i att minska koldioxidutsläppen. Men det globala måttet på cirkularitet har minskat de senaste åren och drastiska åtgärder krävs för att vända beroendet av nya material, visar en rapport från revisions- och konsultbolaget Deloitte och stiftelsen Circle Economy.
Måttet på cirkularitet utgår från hur mycket av utvunna jungfruliga ämnen som återvinns. Enligt studien Circularity Gap Report 2023 har den globala siffran minskat från 9,1 procent när undersökningen först genomfördes 2018 till 7,2 procent idag. I Sverige är andelen material som återvinns ännu lägre – 3,4 procent enligt Circle Economys senaste mätning från 2021.
– Det är oroande att andelen material som återvinns minskar trots att vi vet att vi behöver leva mer hållbart för att motverka den globala uppvärmningen. Men första steget till förändring är att förstå var vi befinner oss, och det finns enorm potential att öka vår användning av sekundära material, säger Helena Nordström, Director på Deloitte.
Nuvarande processer tär inte bara på planetens ändliga resurser – de producerar också utsläpp av växthusgaser och avfall. Enligt studien står fyra viktiga globala system för merparten av utsläpp och avfall – den byggda miljön, livsmedelsindustrin, transportsystem samt tillverkade varor och förbrukningsvaror. Rapporten presenterar 16 förslag på lösningar som kan implementeras i dessa system för att frångå beroendet av nya material.
– Bara under de senaste sex åren har den globala ekonomin utvunnit och använt nästan lika mycket material som under hela 1900-talet. För att vända denna trend måste vi övergå till förnybara energikällor och skapa värde av sådant vi annars slänger, särskilt i de system som just nu står för merparten av utsläpp och avfall, säger Helena Nordström.
I praktiken kan det exempelvis handla om att använda förnybar energi i produktion av nya varor, eller att renovera gamla byggnader och infrastruktur istället för att bygga nytt. De mest lämpliga tillvägagångssätten kommer att variera mellan olika regioner med tanke på det imperativ för en rättvis övergång som erkänns i Parisavtalet från 2015.
– USA och EU:s medlemsländer har störst möjlighet att radikalt minska sin materialefterfrågan, eftersom de för närvarande står för en oproportionerligt hög nivå av både materialförbrukning och miljöpåverkan. Även om det sker mycket innovation redan nu så behöver vi accelerera och se fler gränsöverskridande samarbeten för att få till riktig förändring, säger Helena Nordström.
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