India’s energy-transition pathways

India is a fossil fuel dominated economy, with primary energy consumption of 880 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe).  The electricity, industry, and transport industries account for more than 70 percent of the primary energy demand and 85 percent of the energy-related Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. India has committed to net-zero by 2070, with a target to reduce the emission intensity of its GDP and meet 50 percent of its power generation capacity based on non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.

This in-depth report, offers an all-encompassing analysis and a strategic roadmap for India’s ambitious journey towards a net-zero carbon future by 2070. It delves into the global context, examining current global trends and initiatives, and establishes India within this framework, providing a detailed exploration of the nation’s energy and emissions landscapes. The report elucidates three pivotal pillars essential for India's energy transition: Grid decarbonisation, industrial decarbonisation, and transport transition, which together address approximately 90% of India's current emissions. It provides a nuanced breakdown of these sectors and outlines the potential of green hydrogen, renewable energy, and other transformative technologies.